Survey of Ophthalmology
Volume 48, Issue 3 , Pages 347-355 , May 2003

Double Trouble

  • M.Tariq Bhatti, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint address: M. Tariq Bhatti, MD, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Department of Ophthalmology, PO Box 100284, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284

References 

  1. Acheson JF, Elston JS, Lee JP, Fells P. Extraocular muscle surgery in myasthenia gravis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991;75:232–235
  2. Agius MA. Treatment of ocular myasthenia with corticosteroids: yes. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:750–751
  3. Barton JJ, Fouladvand M. Ocular aspects of myasthenia gravis. Semin Neurol. 2000;20:7–20
  4. Bentley CR, Dawson E, Lee JP. Active management in patients with ocular manifestations of myasthenia gravis. Eye. 2001;15:18–22
  5. Davidson JL, Rosenbaum AL, McCall LC. Strabismus surgery in patients with myasthenia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1993;30:292–295
  6. Eggenberger ER, Kayabasi U. Hering's Law for eyelids. Neurology. 1996;47:1352
  7. Engel AG. Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999;
  8. Evoli A, Batocchi AP, Minisci C, et al.  Therapeutic options in ocular myasthenia gravis. Neuromuscul Disord. 2001;11:208–216
  9. Golnik KC, Pena R, Lee AG, Eggenberger ER. An ice test for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1282–1286
  10. Gorelick PB, Rosenberg M, Pagano RJ. Enhanced ptosis in myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol. 1981;38:531
  11. Grob D. Course and management of myasthenia gravis. JAMA. 1953;153:529–532
  12. Grob D. Natural history of myasthenia gravis. In:  Engel AG editors. Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999;
  13. Haagedorn A. A new diagnostic motility scheme. Am J Ophthalmol. 1942;25:726
  14. Hamed LM, Challa P, Fanous MM, Guy JR. Strabismus surgery in selected patients with stable myasthenia gravis. Binocul Vis Eye Musc Surg Q. 1994;9:283–290
  15. Howard FM, Lennon VA, Finley J, et al.  Clinical correlations of antibodies that bind, block, or modulate human acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1987;505:526–538
  16. Kaminski HJ, Daroff RB. Treatment of ocular myasthenia: steroids only when compelled. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:752–753
  17. Kupersmith MJ, Moster M, Bhuiyan S, et al.  Beneficial effects of corticosteroids on ocular myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol. 1996;53:802–804
  18. Lee J. Management of selected forms of neurogenic strabismus. In:  Rosenbaum A,  Santiago A editor. Clinical Strabismus Management. Principles and Surgical Techniques. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 1999;p. 380–392
  19. Leigh RJ, Zee DS. The Neurology of Eye Movements. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999;
  20. Lennon VA. Serologic diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. In:  in Lisak RA editors. Handbook of Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Syndromes. New York: Marcel Decker; 1994;p. 149–164
  21. Limburg PC, The TH, Hummel-Tappel E, Oosterhuis HJ. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Part 1. Relation to clinical parameters in 250 patients. J Neurol Sci. 1983;58:357–370
  22. Lindstrom JM, Seybold ME, Lennon VA, et al.  Antibody to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. Prevalence, clinical correlates, and diagnostic value. Neurology. 1976;26:1054–1059
  23. Massey JM. Acquired myasthenia gravis. Neurol Clin. 1997;15:577–595
  24. Odel JG, Winterkorn JM, Behrens MM. The sleep test for myasthenia gravis. A safe alternative to Tensilon. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1991;11:288–292
  25. Ohtsuki H, Hasebe S, Okano M, Furuse T. Strabismus surgery in ocular myasthenia gravis. Ophthalmologica. 1996;210:95–100
  26. Osserman KE, Tsairis P, Weiner LB. Myasthenia gravis and thyroid disease: clinical and immunologic correlation. J Mt Sinai Hosp NY. 1967;34:469–483
  27. Parks MM. Isolate cyclovertical muscle palsy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1958;60:1027–1035
  28. Ragge NK, Hoyt WF. Midbrain myasthenia: fatigable ptosis, lid twitch sign, and ophthalmoparesis from a dorsal midbrain glioma. Neurology. 1992;42:917–919
  29. Roberts PF, Venuta F, Rendina E, et al.  Thymectomy in the treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:562–568
  30. Seybold ME. In:  Engel AG editors. Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999;
  31. Somnier FE. Clinical implementation of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993;56:496–504
  32. Tackenberg B, Hemmer B, Oertel WH, Sommer N. Immunosuppressive treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis. BioDrugs. 2001;15:369–378
  33. Weinberg DA, Lesser RL, Vollmer TL. Ocular myasthenia: a protean disorder. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994;39:169–210

☆ The authors reported no proprietary or commercial interest in any product mentioned or concept discussed in this article.

PII: S0039-6257(03)00022-5

doi: 10.1016/S0039-6257(03)00022-5

Survey of Ophthalmology
Volume 48, Issue 3 , Pages 347-355 , May 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution