Survey of Ophthalmology
Volume 48, Issue 4 , Pages 452-458 , July 2003

When your eyes have a wet nose: the evolution of the use of guide dogs and establishing the seeing eye

  • Gerald A. Fishman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint address: Gerald A. Fishman, MD, UIC Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chicago, IL 60612

References 

  1. Blasch BB, Stuckey KA. Accessibility and mobility of persons who are visually impaired: a historical analysis. J Vis Impair Blind. 1995;89:417–422
  2. Chevigny H. My Eyes Have a Cold Nose. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1946;
  3. Coon N. A Brief History of Dog Guides For The Blind. Morristown: The Seeing Eye, Inc; 1959;
  4. Eames E, Eames T, Diament S. Guide dog teams in the United States: annual number trained and active, 1993–1999. J Vis Impair Blind. 2001;95:434–437
  5. Eustis DH. The seeing eye. Saturday Evening Post. 1927;200:43–46
  6. Frank MS, Clark B. First Lady of The Seeing Eye. New York: Holt&Co; 1957;
  7. Hartwell DJ. Dogs Against Darkness: The Story of The Seeing Eye. New York: Dodd Mead&Co; 1960;
  8. Koestler FA. The Unseen Minority. New York: David McKay; 1976;
  9. Lineham EJ. Dogs work for man. Nat Geographic. 1958;114:190–233
  10. Long ME. The sense of sight. Nat Geographic. 1992;182:3–41
  11. Putnam PB. Love in the Lead: The Miracle of the Seeing Eye Dog. Lanham, MD: University Press of America; 1997;

☆ Presented in part at the Cogan Ophthalmic History Society, 15th Annual Meeting, April 5–7, 2002 Harriman, New York. The author expresses his gratitude to David Loux, Rosemarie Carroll, and Judy Core at The Seeing Eye, Inc., for providing reference materials and reading the manuscript. The assistance of Dr. Bruce B. Blasch, Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Decateur, GA, is gratefully acknowledged. Margaret Chervinko, at the University of Illinois Department of Ophthalmology, also generously researched reference materials. The capable skills of Adrienne Adelman in both typing and organizing the manuscript were also valuable in preparing this review. All figures in the manuscript are included with the written permission of The Seeing Eye, Inc. The author has no commercial or proprietary interest in any product or concept discussed in this article.

PII: S0039-6257(03)00052-3

doi: 10.1016/S0039-6257(03)00052-3

Survey of Ophthalmology
Volume 48, Issue 4 , Pages 452-458 , July 2003

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