Survey of Ophthalmology
Volume 50, Issue 1 , Pages 3-13 , January 2005

Systemic and intraocular manifestations of West Nile virus infection

  • Seema Garg, MD, PhD
  • ,
  • Lee M. Jampol, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint address: Lee M. Jampol, MD, 645 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 440, Chicago, IL 60611.

References 

  1. Adelman RA, Membreno JH, Afshari NA, et al. West Nile virus chorioretinitis. Retina. 2003;23:100–101
  2. Alpert SG, Fergerson J, Noël LP. Intrauterine West Nile virus: ocular and systemic findings. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:733–735
  3. Anderson JF, Rahal JJ. Efficacy of interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin against West Nile virus in vitro. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:107–108
  4. Anninger WV, Lomeo MD, Dingle J, et al. West Nile virus-associated optic neuritis and chorioretinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:1183–1185
  5. Bains HS, Jampol LM, Caughron MC, et al. Vitritis and chorioretinitis in a patient with West Nile virus infection. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:205–207
  6. Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, et al. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:519–529
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Possible West Nile virus transmission to an infant through breast-feeding—Michigan, 2002. JAMA. 2002;288:1976–1977
  8. Chowers MY, Lang R, Nassar F, et al. Clinical characteristics of the West Nile fever outbreak, Israel, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:675–678
  9. Drebot MA, Lindsay R, Barker IK, et al. West Nile virus surveillance and diagnostics: a Canadian perspective. Can J Infect Dis. 2003;14:105–114
  10. Flatau E, Kohn D, Daher O, et al. West Nile fever encephalitis. Isr J Med Sci. 1981;17:1057–1059
  11. Gilad R, Lampl Y, Sadeh M, et al. Optic neuritis complicating West Nile virus meningitis in a young adult. Infection. 2003;31:55–56
  12. Hershberger VS, Augsburger JJ, Hutchins RK, et al. Chorioretinal lesions in nonfatal cases of West Nile virus infection. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1732–1736
  13. Iwamoto M, Jernigan DB, Guasch A, et al. Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2196–2203
  14. Kaiser PK, Lee MS, Martin DA. Occlusive vasculitis in a patient with concomitant West Nile virus infection. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:928–930
  15. Kapoor H, Goodman JL, Chambeland ME, et al. West Nile Virus Transmission Investigation Team. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1236–1245
  16. Kuchtey RW, Kosmorsky GS, Martin D, et al. Uveitis associated with West Nile virus infection. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:1648–1649
  17. Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, et al. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science. 1999;286:2333–2337
  18. Meek J. West Nile virus in the United States. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2002;14:72–77
  19. Miller AH, Liang IE. Diplopia: a focal neurologic presentation of West Nile meningoencephalitis. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:413–416
  20. Mostashari F, Bunning ML, Kitsutani PT, et al. Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey. Lancet. 2001;358:261–264
  21. Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, et al. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1807–1814
  22. Nosal B, Pellizzari R. West Nile virus. CMAJ. 2003;168:1443–1444
  23. Petersen LR, Marfin AA, et al. West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:173–179
  24. Petersen LR, Marfin AA, Gubler DJ. West Nile virus. JAMA. 2003;290:524–528
  25. Platonov AE, Shipulin GA, Shipulina OY, et al. Outbreak of West Nile virus infection, Volgograd Region, Russia, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:128–132
  26. Sampathkumar P. West Nile virus: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:1137–1143
  27. Smithburn KC, Hughes TP, Burke AW, et al. Neurotropic virus isolated from blood of native of Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1940;20:471–492
  28. Sejvar JJ, Haddad MB, Tierney BC, et al. Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection. JAMA. 2003;290:511–515
  29. Tsai TF, Popovici F, Cernescu C, et al. West Nile encephalitis epidemic in southeastern Romania. Lancet. 1998;352:767–771
  30. Vandenbelt S, Shaikh S, Capone A, et al. Multifocal choroiditis associated with West Nile virus encephalitis. Retina. 2003;23:97–99
  31. Vaispapir V, Blum A, Soboh S, et al. West Nile virus meningoencephalitis with optic neuritis. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:606–607
  32. Wang T, Anderson JF, Magnarelli LA, et al. Immunization of mice against West Nile virus with recombinant envelope protein. J Immunol. 2001;167:5273–5277

 Supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York City. The authors reported no proprietary or commercial interest in any product mentioned or concept discussed in this article. Dr Jampol is a member of Survey of Ophthalmology's Editorial Board. The authors would like to thank Samuel Alpert as well as the American Journal of Ophthalmology for the use of their photograph. We thank Jonathan Shankle, CRA, and John Gerty, CRA, our ophthalmic photographers.

PII: S0039-6257(04)00156-0

doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.10.001

Survey of Ophthalmology
Volume 50, Issue 1 , Pages 3-13 , January 2005