« Previous
Next »
Survey of Ophthalmology
Volume 55, Issue 4
, Pages 359-377
, July 2010
Sickle Cell Disease and the Eye: Old and New Concepts
References
- Iris atrophy in sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1986;70:516–521
- Treatment of iatrogenic choroidal neovascularization in sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991;75:729–730
- Lacrimal gland enlargement in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol. 2006;81(11):888–889
- . Elastic tissue abnormalities resembling pseudoxanthoma elasticum in beta thalassemia and the sickling syndromes. Blood. 2002;99(1):30–35
- . Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) allele and sickle cell disease: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151(9):839–845
- Hypoxic regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal cells. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:1538–1544
- . Ocular findings in sickle cell disease patients in Lagos. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2004;11:203–206
- . Higher resistance to Plasmodiumfalciparum infection in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease in western Kenya. Trap Med Int Health. 1997;2:568–571
- Macular and perimacular vascular remodelling in sickling hemoglobinopathies. Br J Ophthalmol. 1976;60:431–453
- . When should children and young adults with sickle cell disease be referred for eye assessment?. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2001;30(4):261–263
- . Ocular morbidity from sickle cell disease in a Nigerian cohort. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2005;12(4):241–244
- Clinical, hematological, and biochemical features of Hb SC disease. Am J Hematol. 1982;13:37–51
- . Transcorneal oxygen therapy for glaucoma associated with sickle cell hyphema. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130(4):514–515
- . Neovascular glaucoma secondary to sickle cell retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992;113:718–719
- . Mouse models of sickle cell disease. Transfus Clin Biol. 2008;15(1–2):7–11
- . Elevated levels of circulating molecule of potential endothelial cell origins in sickle cell disease. Blood. 1994;84(Suppl):409
- . Transfusion-transmitted diseases: current problems and challenges. Prog Hematol. 1986;14:123–147
- Thrombospondin from activated platelets promotes sickle erythrocyte adherence to human microvascular endothelium under physiologic flow: a potential role for platelet activation in sickle cell vasoocclusion. Blood. 1993;81:2137–2143
- Disturbance of plasma and platelet thrombospondin levels in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol. 1996;51(4):296–301
- Hydroxyurea downregulates endothelin-1 gene expression and upregulates ICAM-1 gene expression in cultured human endothelial cells. Pharmacogenomics J. 2003;3(4):215–226
- . Disorders of hemoglobin. In: Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Petersdorf RG, et al. editor. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. ed 11. New York: McGraw–Hill; 1987;p. 1518–1523
- Angiogenic factors in human proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83:838–846
- . Epiretinal membranes in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:214–217
- Iatrogenic choroidal neovascularization in sickle cell retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:1163–1168
- Iris atrophy in hemoglobin SC disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1974;77:247–249
- The relative importance of the X-linked FCP locus and beta-globin haplotypes in determining haemoglobin F levels: a study of SS patients homozygous for beta 5 haplotypes. Br J Haematol. 1997;96:806–814
- . The ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease: a prevalence and natural history study. Tr Am Ophth Soc. 1992;39:481–504
- . Angioid streaks. Surv Ophthalmol. 1982;26:235–246
- Coates TD, Fisher TC, Pecsvarady Z, et al. Neutrophil deformability and FcRIII expression are decreased in sickle cell disease patients with clinically severe b globin haplotypes. 18th Annual Meeting —National Sickle Cell Disease Program 93. Philadelphia, PA, 1993, p 63a
- Diagnosis and management of ocular complications of sickle hemoglobinopathies: Part V. Ophthalmic Surg. 1986;6:369–374
- Recurrent visual loss in homozygous sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985;69(9):700–706
- Choroidal neovascularization induced by photocoagulation in sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981;65:192–197
- . Ocular findings in homozygous sickle cell anemia in Jamaica. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972;73:533–543
- . Ocular findings in hemoglobin SC disease in Jamaica. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972;74:921–931
- . Photocoagulation and diathermy in the treatment of proliferative sickle retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1974;58:650–662
- . The progression of sickle cell eye disease in Jamaica. Docum Ophthalmol. 1975;39:203–210
- . Ocular findings in elderly cases of homozygous sickle cell disease in Jamaica. Br J Ophthalmol. 1976;60:361–364
- . Behaviour of untreated proliferative sickle retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1980;64:404–411
- Peripheral circumferential retinal scatter photocoagulation for treatment of proliferative sickle retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1983;90:272–278
- Orbital compression syndrome in sickle cell disease. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:1610–1615
- Binasal visual field defects from simultaneous bilateral retinal infarctions in sickle cell disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143(5):893–896
- . Indications for surgical management of hyphema in patients with sickle cell trait. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102:566–569
- . Chorioretinal and choriovitreal neovascularization. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99:842–849
- Choroidal occlusive disease in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. Surv Ophthalmol. 1979;23:297–306
- Incidence and natural history of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy: observations from a cohort study. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(11):1869–1875
- Elevated IL-8 levels during sickle cell crisis. Eur J Haematol. 1998;61:302–305
- . Exudative retinal detachment in hemoglobin SC disease. Retina. 1982;2(3):152–154
- Genetic polymorphisms associated with priapism in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2007;137(3):262–267
- . Effects of sickle cell disease on the eye: clinical features and treatment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2005;19(5):957–963
- . Ocular findings in children with severe clinical symptoms of homozygous sickle cell anaemia in Kaduna, Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2006;25(2):88–91
- Retinopathy as a sickle cell trait: myth or reality?. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004;27(9 Pt 1):1025–1030
- . Sickle cell vasoocclusion. Hematol/Oncol Clin N Am. 1991;5:375–398
- A second generation transgenic mouse model expressing both hemoglobin S (HbS) and HbS-Antilles results in increased phenotypic severity. Blood. 1995;86(6):2419–2428
- High expression of human beta S– and alpha-globins in transgenic mice: erythrocyte abnormalities, organ damage, and the effect of hypoxia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89(24):12155–12159
- . Transgenic mice and hemoglobinopathies. Methods Mol Med. 2003;82:213–241
- A randomized clinical trial of scatter photocoagulation of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:363–367
- . Tractional retinoschisis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a histopathologic study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000;238:40–44
- . Molecular and biological properties of vascular endothelial growth factor. J Mol Med. 1999;77:527–543
- Spontaneous central retinal artery occlusion in hemoglobin SC disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:680–681
- Conjunctival blood flow in sickle cell disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1961;66:824–829
- . Outcome of iatrogenic choroidal neovascularization in sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990;74:417–420
- Risk factors for proliferative sickle retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990;74:172–176
- . Elevated immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in sickle cell disease. J Natl Med Assoc. 1992;84:611–615
- . Posterior pole neovascularization in a patient with hemoglobin SC disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1979;88:680–682
- . Sickle cell disease. In: Tasman WS, Jaeger E editor. Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology. Vol. 3:Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Press; 1996;pp 1–38
- . The evolution of salmon-patch hemorrhages in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:1814–1815
- Choroido-vitreal neovascularization after argon laser photocoagulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1975;93:524–530
- Spontaneous remodelling of the peripheral retinal vasculature in sickling disorders. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975;79:853–870
- Hemoglobin SC disease and iris atrophy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973;75:421–425
- Orbital infarction in sickle cell disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146(4):595–601
- . Angioid streaks and sickle cell disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1960;49:450–470
- . Bone marrow transplantation for beta-thalassemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1999;13:1059–1064
- Clinical events in the first decade in a cohort of infants with sickle cell disease: Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. Blood. 1995;86:776–783
- . A screening strategy for the detection of sickle cell retinopathy in pediatric patients. Can J Ophthalmol. 2008;43:188–191
- Cryotherapy of proliferative sickle retinopathy. II. Triple freeze-thaw cycle. Br J Ophthalmol. 1979;63:97–101
- Acute choroidal ischemia as a complication of photocoagulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1976;94:1025–1035
- Proliferative sickle retinopathy. In: L'Esperance F editors. Current Diagnosis and Management of Chorioretinal Disease. St Louis: CV Mosby Co; 1976;p. 132–145
- . The disc sign in sickling hemoglobinopathies. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978;96:1597–1600
- Vitrectomy in sickling retinopathy: report of five cases. Ophthalmic Surg. 1976;7:92–102
- . Retinal depression sign indicating a small retinal infarct. Am J Ophthalmol. 1978;86(1):45–55
- . Retinal neovascularization in sickle cell retinopathy. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1977;83:409–431
- . Natural history of untreated proliferative sickle retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1971;85:428–437
- . Sickled erythrocytes, hyphema, and secondary glaucoma IV. The rate and percentage of sickling of erythrocytes in rabbit aqueous humor, in vitro and in vivo. Ophthalmic Surg. 1979;10:62–69
- . Sickled erythrocytes, hyphema, and secondary glaucoma I. The diagnosis and treatment of sickled erythrocytes in human hyphemas. Ophthalmic Surg. 1979;10:17–31
- . The diagnosis and treatment of secondary glaucoma after hyphema in sickle cell patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 1979;87:43–49
- . Sickled erythrocytes, hyphema, and secondary glaucoma II. Injected sickle cell erythrocytes into human, monkey, and guinea pig anterior chambers: the introduction of sickling and secondary glaucoma. Ophthalmic Surg. 1979;10:32–51
- Macular ischemia and infarction in sickling. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973;12:633–635
- . Rubeosis iridis and glaucoma associated with sickle cell retinopathy: a light and electron microscopic study. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol. 1978;85:1028–1041
- . Ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1957;58:655–682
- . Mechanism of interaction of thrompospondin with human endothelium and inhibition of sickle erythrocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells by heparin. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1999;1453:63–73
- . Clinical relevance of vascular endothelial growth factor levels in sickle cell disease. Ann Hematol. 2005;84:71–75
- Angioid streaks in Jamaican patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981;65:341–347
- . Pharmacotherapy in sickle cell disease––state of the art and future prospects. Br J Haematol. 2009;145(3):296–308
- . Indirect treatment of peripheral retinal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;93:88–91
- . Anti-adhesion therapy in sickle cell disease. Blood. 2000;95:365–367
- . The endothelial biology of sickle cell disease: inflammation and a chronic vasculopathy. Microcirculation. 2004;11(2):129–151
- . Adhesive interactions of sickle erythrocytes with endothelium. J Clin Investig. 1997;100:S83–S86
- . Blockade of adhesion of sickle cells to endothelium by monoclonal antibodies. N Eng J Med. 2000;342:1910–1911
- Central retinal vein occlusion in a sickle cell trait carrier after a cycling race. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):14–18
- . Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in childrenwith sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD003427
- . Kinetics and mechanism of deoxyhemoglobin S gelation: a new approach to understanding sickle cell disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1974;71:4864–4868
- Vessel cooption, regression, and growth in tumors mediated by angiopoietins and VEGF. Science. 1999;284:1994–1998
- . New model for tumor angiogenesis: dynamic balance between vessel regression and growth mediated by angiopoietins and VEGF. Oncogene. 1999;18:5356–5362
- Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) Investigators. Confirmation of an association between the TNF(-308) promoter polymorphism and stroke risk in children with sickle cell anemia. Stroke. 2007;38(8):2241–2246
- Distinct HLA associations by stroke subtype in children with sickle cell anemia. Blood. 2003;101(7):2865–2869
- Effects of sickle cell anemia on conjunctival oxygen tension and temperature. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:67–69
- An update on techniques of photocoagulation treatment of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Eye. 1991;5(Pt 2):260–263
- An update on vitrectomy surgery and retinal detachment repair in sickle cell disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:591–593
- Salmon patch hemorrhages after central retinal artery occlusion in sickle cell disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99:237–240
- . Retinal breaks after photocoagulation of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1980;98:676–679
- Glycoprotein IV–independent adhesion of sickle red blood cells to immobilized thrombospondin under flow conditions. Blood. 1996;87:4862–4870
- Treatment of post-traumatic trabecular mashwork thrombosis and secondary glaucoma with intracameral tissue plasminogen activator in previously unrecognized sickle cell anemia. Coll Antropol. 2005;29(Suppl 1):123–126
- Vasculopathy in sickle cell disease: biology, pathophysiology, genetics, translational medicine, and new research directions. Am J Hematol. 2009;84(9):618–625
- Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in sickle cell retina and choroid. Exp Eye Res. 2003;77(4):433–445
- Proliferative sickle retinopathy under age 20: a review. Ophthalmic Surg. 1987;18:126–128
- Peripheral circumferential retinal scatter photocoagulation for the treatment of proliferative sickle retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:1429–1434
- . Proliferative sickle retinopathy and neovascularization of the disc: regression following treatment with peripheral retinal scatter laser photocoagulation. Ophthalmic Surg. 1986;17:20–22
- Central retinal artery occlusion without retrobulbar hemorrhage after retrobulbar anesthesia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;93:573–577
- Sludged blood. Science. 1947;106:431–440
- . The sickle cell diseases: clinical manifestations including the “sickle crisis”. Arch Intern Med. 1974;133:611–619
- Altered levels of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in plasma and leukocytes of sickle cell anemia patients and effects of hydroxyurea therapy. J Leukoc Biol. 2009;85(2):235–242
- Neutrophil activation in sickle cell disease. J Leukoc Biol. 1999;66:411–415
- . Selectins: interpreters of cell-specific carbohydrate information during inflammation. Science. 1992;258:964–969
- Cryotherapy of proliferative sickle retinopathy. Part I. Single freeze-thaw cycle. Ann Ophthalmol. 1975;7:1299–1308
- Quantification of macular ischemia in sickle cell retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71:540–545
- Anterior segment ischemia after vitrectomy in sickle cell disease. Retina. 2002;22:216–219
- Correction of a mouse model of sickle cell disease: lentiviral/antisickling beta-globin gene transduction of unmobilized, purified hematopoietic stem cells. Blood. 2003;102:4312–4319
- . Spontaneous peripheral chorioretinal neovascularization in association with sickle cell anemia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1983;67:107–110
- Risk factors for conjunctival and retinal vessel alterations in sickle cell disease. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2006;84(2):234–241
- . Related umblical cord blood transplantation in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Blood. 2003;101:2137–2143
- . Distribution of hemoglobinopathy variants by ethnicity in a multiethnic state. Genet Epidemiol. 1996;13:501–512
- Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from dermal fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:2883–2888
- . VEGF increases retinal vascular ICAM-1 expression in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:1808–1812
- . Ophalmological complications. In: Embury SH, Hebbel RP, Mohandas N, et al. editor. Sickle Cell Disease: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. New York: Raven Press; 1994;p. 703–724
- Mechanisms for sickle red blood cell retention in choroid. Curr Eye Res. 2002;25(3):163–171
- Nonperfusion of retina and choroid in transgenic mouse models of sickle cell disease. Curr Eye Res. 1998;17(4):438–444
- A rat model for sickle cell–mediated vaso-occlusion in retina. Microvasc Res. 1996;52(3):270–280
- Retinal and choroidal neovascularization in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease. Am J Pathol. 1994;145(2):490–497
- Immunohistochemical insights into sickle cell retinopathy. Curr Eye Res. 1994;13(2):125–138
- Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced sickle RBC retention in retina by a VLA-4 antagonist. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42(6):1349–1355
- . Pathophysiology and therapy for haemoglobinopathies. Part I: sickle cell disease. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2006;8(9):1–23
- Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie-2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis. Science. 1997;277:55–60
- Levels of tumor necrosis factor a/cachectin (TNFa) in sera from patients with sickle cell disease. Acta Haematol. 1993;90:172–176
- . Regulation of angiopoietin-2 mRNA levels in bovine microvascular endothelial cells by cytokines and hypoxia. Circ Res. 1998;83:852–859
- Central retinal artery occlusion in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. Clin Lab Haematol. 1988;10:467–470
- Macular vasculature, visual acuity and irreversibly sickled cells in homozygous sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1982;66:155–160
- . Surgical closure of macular hole in association with proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Retina. 2002;22(4):501–502
- Neutrophils and leucocyte adhesion molecules in sickle cell retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:684–690
- Histopathologic features of neovascularization in sickle cell retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124(4):455–472
- . Dual-perspective analysis of vascular formations in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993;111(9):1234–1245
- . Latent proliferative sickle cell retinopathy in sickle cell trait. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001;79:81–82
- Angioid streaks associated with hereditary spherocytosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984;97:444–449
- Feasibility of using autologous transplantation to evaluate hematopoietic stem cell–based gene therapy strategies in transgenic mouse models of human disease. Mol Ther. 2002;6(3):422–428
- . Fluorescein angiography of the bulbar conjunctiva in sickle cell disease. Ann Ophthalmol. 1973;5:908–992
- The angiopoietin/Tie-2 system in proliferative sickle retinopathy: relation to vascular endothelial growth factor, its soluble receptor Flt-1 and von Willebrand factor, and to the effects of laser treatment. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:815–819
- New concepts in the immunology of sickle cell disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1996;76:385–403
- . Vitrectomy surgery in proliferative sickle retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987;104:133–138
- Patterns of visual loss in untreated sickle cell retinopathy. Eye. 1988;2(Pt 3):330–335
- . Epiretinal membranes in sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71:466–469
- . Treatment of subretinal neovascularization associated with angioid streaks in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:1327–1328
- . Mechanisms of vasculopathy in sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008;177–185
- . Delay time of hemoglobin S polymerization prevents most cells from sickling in vivo. Science. 1987;237:500–506
- . Genetic epidemiology of structural mutations of the beta-globin gene. Semin Hematol. 1990;27:342–359
- . The paradox of hemoglobin SC disease. Blood Rev. 2003;17(3):167–178
- . The panoply of animal models for sickle cell anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2001;112(1):19–25
- . Ocular manifestations of sickle hemoglobinopathies. Surv Ophthalmol. 1977 Mar–Apr;21(5):391–411
- Angioid streaks and sickle hemoglobinopathies. Br J Ophthalmol. 1976;60:31–34
- Spontaneous regression (autoinfarction) of proliferative sickle retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975;80:885–892
- Proliferative retinopathy in sickle cell trait. Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:325–328
- Hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor selectively upregulate angiopoietin-2 in bovine microvascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:15732–15739
- Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors. Nature. 2008;451:141–146
- Transgenic knockout mice with exclusively human sickle hemoglobin and sickle cell disease. Science. 1997;278:876–878
- . The conjunctival sign of sickle cell disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1961;66:90–94
- . The conjunctival sign of sickle cell disease: further observations. Arch Ophthalmol. 1962;68:627–632
- Correction of of sickle cell disease in transgenic mouse models by gene therapy. Science. 2001;294:2368–2371
- Electroretinographic findings in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:934–938
- Correlation of electroretinographic findings and peripheral retinal nonperfusion in patients with sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:1106–1109
- New classification of peripheral retinal vascular changes in sickle cell disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994;78:681–689
- Placenta growth factor activates monocytes and correlates with sickle cell disease severity. Blood. 2003;102:1506–1514
- . Retrobulbar ischemic optic neuropathy associated with sickle cell disease. J Neuro-Ophthalmol. 1994;14:45–48
- . Sickle cell anemia: beta s gene cluster haplotypes as genetic markers for severe disease expression. Am J Dis Child. 1993;147:1197–1202
- Subperiosteal hematoma and orbital compression syndrome following minor frontal trauma in sickle cell anemia: case report. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008;71(2):262–264
- Pars plana vitrectomy in the management of complications of proliferative sickle retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106:1553–1557
- Macular holes associated with proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;96:1592–1596
- . Scatter retinal photocoagulation for proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;93:594–599
- Proliferative sickle cell retinopathy associated with sickle cell trait and gestational diabetes: case report. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2009;72(3):400–402
- Is there a role for selective vasodilation in the management of sickle cell disease?. Blood. 1988;71:597–602
- . Histopathology of sickle cell retinopathy. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol. 1973;77:652–676
- Central retinal artery occlusion in proliferative sickle cell retinopathy after retrobulbar injection. Ann Ophthalmol. 1988;20:221–224
- . Macular blood flow velocity in sickle cell disease, relation to red cell density. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79:742–745
- Color vision defects in sickle cell anemia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:1676–1678
- . Anterior segment ischemia following scleral buckling in sickle cell hemoglobinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1971;72:35–50
- . Occlusion of the macular capillaries in sickle cell hemoglobin C disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1974;77:459–461
- . Levels of endothelial, neutrophil and platelet-specific factors in sickle cell anemia patients during hydroxyurea therapy. Acta Haematol. 1999;102:31–37
- Foveal avascular zone diameter and sickle cell disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109(6):812–815
- Retinal photocoagulation for proliferative sickle cell retinopathy: a prospective clinical trial with new sea fan classification. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2008;18(2):248–254
- . Schisis in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:1607–1609
- . Transscleral diode laser photocoagulation in proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(9):1828–1829
- . The Clinical Features of Sickle Cell Disease. New York: Elsevier; 1974;
- . Nomenclature and genetics of sickle cell disease. In: Serjeant GR, Serjeant BE editor. Sickle Cell Disease. ed 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001;p. 31–40
- . The eyes. In: Serjeant GR, Serjeant BE editor. Sickle Cell Disease. ed 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001;p. 366–392
- . Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for the treatment of proliferative sickle retinopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2008;56:259
- Angioid streaks, I. Ophthalmoscope variations and diagnostic problems. Br J Ophthalmol. 1975;59:257–266
- . Hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human epithelial cells is mediated by increases in mRNA stability. FEBS Lett. 1995;370:203–208
- Orbital complications of sickle cell disease. Internat J Pediat Otorhinolaryngol. 1990;169:181–184
- . Angioid streaks in thalassemia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1983;67:558
- Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection associated with regression of retinal neovascularization caused by sickle cell retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2006;84:834–835
- . Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and sickle cell retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129(4):544–546
- Sickle cell anemia as a possible state of enhanced anti–apoptotic tone: survival effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on circulating and unanchored endothelial cells. Blood. 1999;93(11):3824–3830
- . Genetic Modulation of sickle cell disease. In: Pace BS editors. Renaissance of Sickle Cell Disease Research in the Genome Era. London: Imperial College Press; 2007;p. 193–206
- Sickling hemoglobinopathies. Macular and perimacular vascular abnormalities. Arch Ophthalmol. 1974;92:455–463
- . Sickle cell acute chest syndrome: pathogenesis and rationale for therapy. Blood. 1999;95:1555–1560
- Thrombospondin mediates adherence of CD36+ sickle erythrocytes to endothelial cells. Blood. 1992;80:2634–2642
- Alpha 4 beta 1 expression on sickle reticulocytes: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 dependent binding to the endothelium. Blood. 1993;82:1891–1899
- Acute idiopathic frosted branch angiitis. J AAPOS. 2007;11(3):286–287
- Potential role of angiopoietin/Tie-2 system in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:393–402
- . Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell. 2006;126:663–676
- Sickle cell retinopathy in Jamaican children: fyrther observation from a cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1988;72:727–732
- Sickle cell retinopathy in Jamaican children: a search for prognostic factors. Br J Ophthalmol. 1983;67:782–785
- Sickle cell retinopathy in young children in Jamaica. Br J Ophthalmol. 1982;66:149–154
- . Benign clinical course in homozygous sickle cell disease: a search for predictors. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50:121–126
- . Gene replacement therapy for sickle cell disease and other blood disorders. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008;193–196
- Sickle cell disease and retinal damage: a study of 38 cases at the African Tropical Ophthalmology Institute (IOTA) in Bamako. Med Trop (Mars). 2006;66(3):252–254
- Sickle cell disease of transgenic SAD mice. Blood. 1994;84(9):3189–3197
- . New therapies in sickle cell disease. Lancet. 2002;360(9333):629–631
- Velocity measurements of normal and sickle red blood cells in the ratretinal and choroidal vasculatures. Microvasc Res. 2000;60(3):281–293
- . Clinicopathologic correlation of xenon arc and argon laser photocoagulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;97:2308–2314
- . Sickle-cell hemoglobin and its relation to fundus abnormality. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966;75:353–362
- . Vitreoretinal management of the complications of sickle cell retinopathy by observation or pars plana vitrectomy. Eye. 2008;296:1–7
- Optical coherence tomography demonstration of macular infarction in sickle cell retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(5):746–747
- . Sickle cell disease vasculopathy: a state of nitric oxide resistance. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;44(8):1506–1528
- Platelet–erythrocyte adhesion in sickle cell disease. J Investig Med. 1999;47:121–127
- Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science. 2007;318:1917–1920
- Hemoglobin S/O(Arab): thirteen new cases and review of the literature. Am J Hematol. 1999;60(4):279–284
The authors reported no proprietary or commercial interest in any product mentioned or concept discussed in this article.
PII: S0039-6257(09)00307-5
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.11.004
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Survey of Ophthalmology
Volume 55, Issue 4
, Pages 359-377
, July 2010
