Survey of Ophthalmology RSS feed: Current Issue. Survey of Ophthalmology is a clinically oriented review journal designed to keep ophthalmologists up to date. Comprehensive major review articles, written by experts and stringently refereed, integrate the literature on subjects selected for their clinical importance. Survey also includes feature articles, section reviews, book reviews, and abstracts. To view video files associated with published manuscripts, click here .http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Survey of Ophthalmology0039-6257551January 2010 © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS003962570900188X/abstract?rss=yesSurvey of Ophthalmology is intended to provide readable, searchable access to the current ophthalmic literature. Last year, at the suggestion of Pamela Sieving of the National Institutes of Health Library, we revised our reference citations to the more standard Vancouver format, which is more compatible with programs that search the literature and is what most readers and authors who publish in ophthalmology journals are accustomed to.References and Other Cited MaterialJohn W. Gittinger, David Newcombe10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.07.003Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Survey of Ophthalmology2010-01-01551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XEditorial11http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709001374/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Ocular ischemic syndrome encompasses a spectrum of clinical findings that result from chronic ocular hypoperfusion. It is relatively uncommon, and the diagnosis may be difficult to make because of its variable presentations. The presence of an ocular ischemic syndrome always implies underlying severe carotid occlusive disease and may be its sole clinical manifestation. It may also result from other causes of reduced blood flow to the eye and the orbit such as systemic vasculitis. Besides visual loss and ocular/orbital pain, affected patients are also at risk for developing cerebral and myocardial infarction. Establishing the diagnosis is therefore essential with respect not only to visual prognosis but also to patient survival. Ophthalmologists have an important role in early diagnosis and in coordinating the systemic evaluation of patients. Referral to the neuroradiologist and the neurovascular specialist is warranted. We present the current knowledge on the ocular ischemic syndrome.Ocular Ischemic SyndromeEfstratios Mendrinos, Theofilos G. Machinis, Constantin J. Pournaras10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.02.024Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2009-10-15Survey of Ophthalmology2009-10-15551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XMajor Review234http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709001398/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Floppy eyelid syndrome is a distressing condition that can cause significant morbidity and vision loss. Many systemic and ocular associations have been proposed, most notably keratoconus and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Although conservative treatments can sometimes be effective, a wide variety of surgical treatments to tighten the upper eyelid have been described. The underlying pathogenesis remains elusive, although progress has been made in the identification of extracellular matrix changes in the tarsal plate. This systematic review discusses the issues surrounding ambiguities in the definition of floppy eyelid syndrome as well as what is currently known about its clinical features, ocular and systemic associations, pathological changes, and proposed theories of pathogenesis. In addition a critical discussion of the proposed surgical treatments and their reported success rates and follow-up times is provided.Floppy Eyelid Syndrome: Stretching the LimitsDaniel G. Ezra, Michèle Beaconsfield, Richard Collin10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.02.025Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2009-10-12Survey of Ophthalmology2009-10-12551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XMajor Review3546http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709001908/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common clinical presentation of acute ischemic damage to the optic nerve. Most treatments proposed for NAION are empirical and include a wide range of agents presumed to act on thrombosis, on the blood vessels, or on the disk edema itself. Others are presumed to have a neuroprotective effect. Although there have been multiple therapies attempted, most have not been adequately studied, and animal models of NAION have only recently emerged. The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial, the only class I large multicenter prospective treatment trial for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, found no benefit from surgical intervention. One recent large, nonrandomized controlled study suggested that oral steroids might be helpful for acute NAION. Others recently proposed interventions are intravitreal injections of steroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. There are no class I studies showing benefit from either medical or surgical treatments. Most of the literature on the treatment of NAION consists of retrospective or prospective case series and anecdotal case reports. Similarly, therapies aimed at secondary prevention of fellow eye involvement in NAION remain of unproven benefit.Treatment of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic NeuropathyEdward J. Atkins, Beau B. Bruce, Nancy J. Newman, Valérie Biousse10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.06.008Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Survey of Ophthalmology2010-01-01551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XMajor Review4763http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709001404/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Glaucoma management may be extremely challenging, especially in elderly patients who have a variety of systemic diseases and take multiple medications. We obtained a comprehensive medical history in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma to determine which systemic diseases are most prevalent and which systemic medications are most commonly used. We have also reviewed the literature that addresses how these concomitant diseases and medical treatments influence the management of glaucoma. Knowledge of systemic diseases and potential drug interactions, especially between various systemic and glaucoma medications, is important for the safe management of glaucoma patients.Glaucoma and Systemic DiseasesSarwat Salim, M. Bruce Shields10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.03.006Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2009-10-15Survey of Ophthalmology2009-10-15551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XReviews in Medicine6477http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709001568/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: It is remarkable to uncover a new aspect of congenital epibulbar solid dermoids and lipodermoids. We describe a dramatic central epicorneal polypoidal lipodermoid coloboma accompanied by an upper eyelid coloboma that was not associated with Goldenhar syndrome. Histopathologically the excised lesion displayed superficial layers of epidermis and a thin dermis with eccrine glands, vestigial hair structures, and bundles of arrector pili smooth muscle that extended from the undersurface of the epidermis to the bulge area of the primitive hairs. This last feature is not present in normal eyelid skin nor in the conjunctiva, and has not been previously documented to occur in epibulbar dermoids and lipodermoids. S-100-positive dendritic melanocytes and CD1a-positive Langerhans cells were both observed intraepidermally, indicating a complete complement of normal cells in this layer. Beneath the dermis was a massive collection of lobules of mature adipose tissue that fused with the corneal stroma. A virtually identical pedunculated limbal tumor has been previously reported that was associated with Goldenhar syndrome. Review of earlier published cases of epibulbar dermoids and lipodermoids establishes that central corneal lesions are not a stigma of Goldenhar syndrome, in contrast to limbal masses. Other epibulbar choristomas that can be confused with lipodermoids are described.Epicorneal Polypoidal Lipodermoid: Lack of Association of Central Corneal Lesions with Goldenhar Syndrome Verified with a Review of the LiteratureFrederick A. Jakobiec, Roberto Pineda, Roxana Rivera, Charlene Hsu-Winges, David Cherwek10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.05.002Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2009-09-28Survey of Ophthalmology2009-09-28551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XClinical Pathological Reviews7884http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709001386/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: A 75-year-old woman with painful visual loss was diagnosed with ocular ischemic syndrome secondary to restenosis of the carotid artery following endarterectomy. She underwent carotid artery stenting, which has become an alternative to carotid endarectomy for primary carotid stenosis but is now also becoming more popular for recurrent carotid artery stenosis.An Old Problem, a New SolutionRobert E. Fintelmann, Robert H. Rosenwasser, Pascal Jabbour, Emmanuel Chang, Rod Foroozan10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.03.005Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2009-09-02Survey of Ophthalmology2009-09-02551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XClinical Challenges8588http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709001556/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: In antiquity the aqueous humor was seen as essential to moisten and nourish the lens— the actual organ of vision—and therefore any loss was believed to lead to blindness. The recuperation of the eye after some aqueous loss during cataract couching and experimental loss in animals slowly undermined this idea in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th century production of aqueous from the ciliary region and its outflow from the anterior chamber, and thus its circulation, was generally accepted. Early in the 19th century the aqueous was thought to be encapsulated, but by the end of the century the general dynamic principles of aqueous flow as we know them today were experimentally and clinically confirmed. The controversy concerning its mode of production and circulation that took place early in the 20th century was resolved with the discovery of the aqueous veins and advances in molecular biology.Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Historical PerspectiveHarry H. Mark10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.06.005Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2009-09-28Survey of Ophthalmology2009-09-28551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XHistory of Ophthalmology89100http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709001532/abstract?rss=yesHas cornea surgery and associated technology changed much over the past 10 years? Absolutely—Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, femtosecond laser used for keratoplasty and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery, custom LASIK surgery, iris registration, phakic IOL, collagen cross linking, and Scheimpflug-based corneal topography were not available for our patients in 1999, when the third edition of Corneal Surgery: Theory, Technique, and Tissue was published.Corneal Surgery: Theory, Technique, and TissueRobert S. Feder10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.06.003Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Survey of Ophthalmology2010-01-01551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XMultimedia Reviews101102http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709002653/abstract?rss=yesTwo well experienced surgeons took on the task of producing a two-volume book covering eyelid and periorbital surgery. Their approach was to coordinate written text, photographs, color drawings, and surgical videos—an enormous endeavor.Eyelid & Periorbital SurgeryGary S. Lissner10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.10.001Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Survey of Ophthalmology2010-01-01551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XMultimedia Reviews102103http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709002707/abstract?rss=yesThis two-volume set is the first comprehensive textbook of glaucoma since publication of the second edition of The Glaucomas by Ritch, Krupin, and Shields in 1996, the reference standard for many years. With the exponential increase in the volume of information over the past decade and a half spanning the entire discipline from pathophysiology and genetics to diagnostics and treatment—in particular data from the major NEI clinical trials that have heavily impacted the management of glaucoma—an authoritative textbook incorporating these critical updates has been lacking. Glaucoma has 242 authors from 28 countries, including most of the usual major contributors to the literature. There are 8 sections in volume 1 and 10 in volume 2. It reads easily and is clinically oriented, with less emphasis on the basic sciences than The Glaucomas. Each chapter provides just the right amount of detail, but is not encyclopedic. Highlights include “spotlight” discussions at the end of some of the chapters by guest authors who provide an overview and editorial viewpoint, numerous color photographs, and a DVD with surgical videos. Glaucoma is also accessible online by registering with Expert Consult, where it serves as a handy reference for the clinician when the hard copy is not immediately available, literally at one's fingertips. A query can even be made online to search for an answer to a particular question.Glaucoma: Expert Consult Premium EditionPaul J. Lama10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.10.006Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Survey of Ophthalmology2010-01-01551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XMultimedia Reviews103104http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709002719/abstract?rss=yesI bore witness to its birth A cloud that billowedDetached∗Rishi Doshi10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.10.007Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Survey of Ophthalmology2010-01-01551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XTime Oph105105http://www.surveyophthalmol.com/article/PIIS0039625709002768/abstract?rss=yesTable of Contents10.1016/S0039-6257(09)00276-8Survey of Ophthalmology 55, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Survey of Ophthalmology2010-01-01551S0039-6257(09)X0007-XFrontmatterA1A2